Perspective drawing device



Jan. 1, 1935 E. F. DE'LORENZI PERSPECTIVE DRAWING DEVICE Filed Aug. 19, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet l f/llr flare/221'. Mia,-

E ATTORNEY.

[rmc/e fsfean Jan. 1, 1935. E. E. F. DE LORENZ! PERSPECTIVE DRAWING DEVICE 4 SheetsSheet 2 m u KP mw Q NW m x m Q i n w 9A? .5 on y 5 on hm @w gfl I .I. 5 o o @u m .J Ev mm mm mm ow Wm M k N ATTORNEY.

Jan. 1, 1935. E, E. F. DE LORENZ! ,6

PERSPECTIVE DRAWING DEVICE FiledAug. 19, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 It Z r Z INVENTORZ a I C; V frmefe fsfean l/m' 0e [ore/m. BY M ATTORNEY.

Jan. 1, 1935.

E. E. F. DE LORENZ! PERSPECTIVE DRAWING DEVICE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 19, 1951 M N w Q 0 2% m U W N l. F 7 w v \H W N N.

wN mm 4 WW W 2 o n 3 Q ow I v mm 3 o QT O G o a 0 Q [rmefe [sfean A's/Ar Dela/@1221: BY @4 W ATTORNEY.

" IFICEv DEVICE v Estehan' Felixrl iDe Lorenzi Q Rosario, Argentin Application 11mm, 193 1 serial no. 551958 invention relates to apparatus for making perspective drawings a zhais =for its vparticular which is easily handled and permits? even *the unskilled draftsnian to prdduce corr ct-permeativedrawings. y f y For a completeunderstanding-of my invention; I refer to the "annexed drawings, on which 'I- have shown; by way ofillustration, some embodiments of the a paratus and on which i e 1 J Fig. is' an elevation of anapparatusror drawing perspectives by dots; T i

. Fig. 2 a detail-sectionalview -showing the opening made inthe board for the passing of thecords usedto causeparallel movement of; one

of the rulers used in the apparatus,"

Fig. 3a detail viewshow in'g perspective the h pulleys for the cords,

Fig.4 a view similar toFig.; 1[showingamodi fied apparatus for drawing graphically. .h

Figs; 5 and Gare viewssimilarto Fi'gn l howing further modifications, and a l perspectives panto;

Figure 7 is a detail sectional viewrshowing the v a sliding connections between the. rulers Land-the drawing boardof the-Figure 4 construction.- a

3 p l Inallthefiguresvof *the drawings iI=have1iused the same referenceunumerals .150 indi'cate the sameJor corresponding parts. v v 1 In Fig. -1 there is shown atl12:.Ia.'ruler,'su1tably connected to the drawing board 1, fori which purpose the Jruler is provided with :a slide 613,

which at 1.4Jis .pivotedlto anaextension;ISJofJithe board. The extension 15 vmay": consisti'isimply of a narrow strip fastened tothe drawingoboard The other end of the ruler 12 ;is:.pivoteditoaa slide-member 23, which moves along 1a.: guide rail 21 fixed along theztop edge'of the drawing lboard.

On' the other half of the boardfris'zprovided a: ruler 48, which can be moved :parallel .toitself, for which purpose [its upper end-ismade tolnmove on a guide rail 31, also provided at theyuppe'r edge ofthedrawing'boardl: q: s,

On ruler'48 is;placed a-slideepiece149;;provided witha pointer '50. flhe essentialxcharacteristic of -ruler. 48 is that its; parallel movements are" invariably the same as those of :slide-member 23. ,As shownon the. drawings, there are provided several pairs4ofdpulleys 19, 44,;43 iand 42,

over which passes accord 20, comiectedwith the rods. 25; 47, and 5 1 respectively securedv ':to .the

' slide-member 23 and to thetwo'iends ofbtheruler' WhiIeP'theipuIIeyS' weave idisposedigin-idifierent" planesas shown by Fig." 3, the cord 20 passing over thepulleys on the lower plane.

I he path of cord 20 can be clearly seen from Fig.1? As shown in Fig'; 1', there is also provided-aruler 44' having agraduated scale pro giessivelyf increasing from zero in both directions.;' Ruler.44' always moves horizontally, be

v mg held by the slide-piece ldniovable along one of the edges of the drawingfboar dl. Ruler 44' isfisecured in said slide-piece 45 'by means of s'crew's lfifi v "Inf-the apparatus shown in Fig; 4 adapted for drawing perspectives pantographically, there is also provided a'ruler 12, similar to the one shown in Fig. 1 and. which carries a slide 9,'pivoted at 8 tea scale 3; niovable relative tothe ruler shown aezi; "ijhedatter can be moved parallel to itself and horizontally, for instance; by means of a--cord"18 passingover a set of pulleys 17, 19,

27*an'd 30,{and whichcordi, by means of rods 16 and 29; is-sec'ured to the ends of ruler 2.

drawing boardgthecord 18 passing over'them,

ber crane board.

-iQn the scalgis movably placeda part-4, provided withfafpointerifi, which, by means of a screw 5; can be placed at the required point of thescalef 0n said part 4 is pivoted aslide r'nember'i, inside of which can' move fanother ruler 1-1,-whos'e lower end is *pivotally connected-at 14' with a slide 13"-s1idab1yengaging the slide 13. fI'he upper end of ruler 1:1 is-pivotally connectedwith slide-piece 22, which together with a-sjimilarslide-piece '23 runs along yaguide rail '21 provided along the upper edge of the drawing bearer; q

-On the otherfhalf of the drawing board 1, is placed a vertical ruler 39 ,-fwliichalways moves parallelto-itself, and, likethefruler 48"in'Fig; l, is so disposed, that-themovenients areinvariably identical to those of slide piece -23, theiraction being guided 'by rail 31, also provided along the upper edge of the drawing board 1. Ruler39 is also provided with a slide-piece -38, to whichis'adjusted apen'cilholder, 37. Slide-- piecef38-is so placed that it may be automatically moved upwards or downwards relative to a given point along' ruler 39, and to the same extent as the relative lmov'ement ofrods shownat.24and 25; This) characteristic feature, essentialto the function 'a of \the'apparatus, is obtained by the placing at the-zends of the-ruler39 pulleys: 33iand 40; :overwhichpasses a cord :26, whichatone of" its ends,-ais joined .tonrodzzl of [slide-piece i522, and

been omitted.

1 at its other endis' woundup on a spring-controlled drum 34, which keeps the cord always taut. I On slide-piece 38 are placed two pressure upwardly movable reach or downward movement with the downwardly movable reach. 3

To theupper end of the, ruler, 39 .is fastened a rod 32, similar to rod 47 in Fig. 1', to which rod is connected cord20'," used for the parallel move-- ments of ruler, 39. As has already been stated,

this means for the movement of the sliding-piece 38 and the rulers 39 and 48 may be; different;

from the usually employed means without in any way afiecting the invention, since such means does not constitute the fundamental characteristics of this system, but isimerely an accessory, which can be replaced by any other means. The apparatus is used as follows: 1 V

If a perspective is to be indicatedby dots, then the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used. In this case, one places on theleft hand side oi the drawing board 1, mepaper marked B containing a plan view of the building or the like to be shown in perspective. On the right hand side of the board isplaced' a sheet marked D, on which the perspective shall be drawn. -'jThereupon, the pointer 50 vis placed at the View point chosen while the ruler44', by means of the slidepiece 45, is adjusted and secured by the screws 46, in such a manner that the-zero mark of the graduated scale on the ruler alineswith the vertical line N, I v 7 When this has been done, one draws on sheet D a straight line M, at 45 and at such a position that when ruler'12 is moved over zero of the scale on'ruler 44', the pointer 59 of piece 49 marks on line M the height at whichkone vrequires to mark on sheet D the horizon line.

, .Tofix a point, such? as that indicated byletter at of the drawings, one proceeds as follows; The

ruler 44 is moved upwards, until it alines with the point mentioned above, and then the ruler 12 is moved either tothe left or to the right of the zero mark onthe graduated scale 44 until it intersects on scale 44' the height or the depth of the objective point above or below thehorizon. Once the ruler 12 has been moved to said position; slide-piece 49 is movedto a position such that its pointer 5O meets thestraight line, M- at 45, whereupon the ruler 12 is moved untilit alines with point x, in which position the l pointer 50' will indicate X in the required perspective. After the different characteristic points have once been fixed, they are joined systematically by straight lines, together denoting the entire perspective. When a perspective is to be drawn pantographically, the apparatus shown in Fig. 4 is used, in which figure ior greater clearness the sheets ofpaper li; and Dshown in Fig. 1, have To commence work with this apparatus, one first places the pointer 6 at the zero mark on the graduated scale of slide-piece 3, at which position it is fixed by, means of screw 5. ,Then, after loosening the pressure gabs 35 and 36, one moves' the slide-apiece 38 until the pencil holder .37

coincides with the height of the horizon selected. When this hasbeen done and the pressure gabs again havev been tightened the ruler 12 is moved and .thelpencil in holder 37 will then sketch the line. of-the.horizon, asrequired forithe object in.

1,986,625 .if view. Thereafter the pressure gabs 35, 36 are selectively loosened and tightened to connect the s1ide-piece' 38 with one or the other of the reaches of the cord 26 for upward or downward 'movement of said slide-piece according to the direction of swinging movement of the ruler 11.

If one wishes to fix the view-point of a perspective under the level of the horizon, then one must adopt. the same proceeding .as. that described in the foregoingparagraph, but screw 35 instead'of 36 is tightened. In 'both cases, in order to determine the perspective of any plan,

" one merely has to place the pointer 6 at the anumberxiof; the. graduated scale 3, corresponding to the plan. in question, at its height above or 'belowithe "horizon, andrhaving in view the plan 'alreadydrawn, the pencil in holder 37 will draw theipersp'ectiveheight in question.

Oncethe perspectives of all the plans have been made; then it is only requisite to join them by vertical lines, which can be drawn by the apparatus, since it .is' only necessaryto place the slide 9 .at the point of the plan to which said ver- .tical corresponds and move the pointer '6 from one to theother of the points of the graduated scale, until it reaches the graduation corresponding to the extreme heights of the verticals, making the necessary changesof the pressure gabs 35 and 36, where the verticals cross the horizon pl r r My system may also be advantageously used for preparing plans for parks and-gardens, and where necessary to establish perspectives of roads or paths, or for the arrangement of flower beds. Groups of trees can alsobe easily sketched, for in each case, it is onlynecessary to adjust the slide 9 at the place of eachtree and move the pointer 6 to a number corresponding to the height of the tree. The top of atree can be easily defined by the pointer 6 being placed at diverse heights. qFinally; in thecase of inclined straight lines, their perspective can .be drawn proportionally, after slight practise has been acquired in the use of the apparatus- In1that case, slide 9 must be moved, along the said straight line, pointer 6 being moved simultaneously and proportionally, sothat from the end-of said straight line, with its height relative to the horizon, it reaches the other extreme, .with the height corresponding thereto. j

In. any case, if itis not desired to adopt this method, one can :also determine the extreme points and connectthem to each other, and this procee'dingis also applicable to curves, not on thehorizontal plane. I Figs. .5 and 6 illustrate other modifications of simpler apparatus. 'According to the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 5 an element 13 is pivoted as at 1 1 to the drawing board near the bottom thereof and.- has slidably engaged therein the lower end portion of the ruler 12, which ruler, at its upper end, is pivoted, as at 23, to the lower'end of avertically disposed ruler element end; with a suitable element which is slidably,

engaged with the top of the drawing board whereby saidelement 48 is maintained in a vertical position as it is shifted from sideto side of the board. A horizontal ruler;44 is longitudinally adjustable inla head 45 engaged with the left. handside of the drawing board. and is adaptedtolbesecured inany longitudinally adruler having graduations as shown. Inthe use. of this form of the device one proceeds as "out lined in connection with the forms of the inven- 1, tion illustrated in'Figs. 1and4. The sheet D containing the plan to be drawn in perspective is fastened on the drawingboard and above the plan is marked the working horizon line HH corresponding to the horizon line H-H' of the perspective to be drawn. The ruler 12 is swung through angles according to dimensions of the plan and according to correspondingly indicated distances on the scale of the ruler 44". Thereby the element 48 is shifted laterally and vertically and by means of the marking. element 50 points.

are located corresponding to points of the plan, after which theslocated points are connected to produce the perspective.

, According to the form of the invention illus trated in Fig. 6, the drawing board 1 has fastened thereto a vertically disposed guide rail 31 on which is slidably mounted for vertical adjustment a horizontally disposed ruler 39. The ruler 12 is substantially horizontally] disposed in this instance and is pivoted at itsleft hand end to the arm 39 and is provided near its right hand end with a slide piece 13 to which is pivoted the adjacent end of the arm 11 which also is substantially horizontally disposed. The arm 11 near its left hand end is slidably engaged in a slidepiece 15 which is pivoted, as at 15, to a block 14 which is slidable along the rail 31, while intermediate its ends said arm llhas slidably engaged therewith a slide piece 7 whichis pivoted to a slide-piece 4 which, in turn, is'adjustable along a scale e1ement'6 and adapted to be secured in i any desired position of adjustment relative thereto by 'a screw5. The scale element 6 is slidable along a vertically disposed bar 10 and is 'pivotally and slidably connected with the ruler 12 as indicated at 8. Cords 2 extend over guide pulleys :19, 44, 17, 43 at the top and the bottom of the board, respectively, and are connected with the ends of the bar whereby the latter is maintained vertically disposedas it is shifted horizontally acrossthe board. On the rule! 39 is slidably mounted a slide-piece 38 carrying a marking element 37, while connected with said slide-piece 38, as at 36, is a cord 26, one portion of which extends from=its connection 36 over a l pulley 40 at the left hand end of the ruler39,

' inwardly over a pulley; at the pivotal connection 1 of the rule'r"-12 with the ruler 39 and downwardly, as, at 23, to the'slide-piece 14 with which it is connected, while its other portion extends over a pulley 33 at the right hand end of the of the ruler 39 and the slide-piece 14 along the rail 31.

tion as distinguished from the form of the in-,

The essence of this form of the invenvention illustrated in Fig. 4 is that the parts are more compactly arranged and are, considered as an entirety, shifted, in effect, from vertical and horizontal positions 1 in Fig. 4 to horizontal and 1 vertical positions in Fig. 6. In other respects the arrangement of Fig. 6 is generally the same and has the same general mode of operation as set forth in connection-with the Fig. 4 form of the invention.

Of course, various modifications might be,

introduced in the construction'of this apparatus,

without a departure from the gist of the invention herein involved.

I; claim:

plans comprising, in combination, a drawing board, a ruler provided with a scale and mounted forsi'dewise movement in parallelism with itself over the board, a slide-piece pivoted to the board,-

third ruler disposed at substantially right angles to said first mentioned ruler and slidably engaged with said second guide rail for sidewise movement in parallelism with itself over. the

board, a slide-piece mounted on said third ruler for movement therealong, a marking element carried by said last. mentioned slide-piece, rollers carried by the board, and an endless flexible slide-piece and extending across said first men tioned ruler, a guide rail fixed to the board, a second slide-piece slidably engaged with said rail, a pivotal connection between said second mentioned slide-piece and the other end of said second mentioned ruler, a third slide-piece slid-' ably mounted on said second mentioned ruler, a pivotalconnection between said third slide-piece and said scale piece, a pointer element slidably adjustable along said scale piece, a fourth slidepiece pivoted to said pointer element, a third ruler slidable through said fourth slide-piece and pivoted at one end to the first mentioned slide-piece, a fifth slide-piece slidable on said rail, a pivotal connection between said fifth slide-piece and the other end of said third ruler, a fourth ruler disposed at substantially right angles to said firstmentioned, ruler, a second guide rail on which's'aid fourth ruler is mounted for sidewise movement, a sixth slide-piece slidable along said fourth ruler, a marking element carried by said sixth slide-piece, a connection between said second slide-piece and said fourth ruler whereby angular movements of the second ruler impart sidewise movements to the fourth ruler, and a connection between said fifth and sixth slide-pieces whereby angular movements of the third ruler produce movements of said sixth slide-piece along said fourth ruler.

3. The combination as set forth in claim 2 in which rollers are carried by the drawing board, and in which the connection between the second slide-piece and the fourth ruler and between the fifth and sixth slide-pieces comprise endless flexible elements extending over said rollers.

\ERMETE ESTEBAN FELIX DE LQRENZI.

1. An apparatusfor drawing perspectives from 

